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ͷĿձӳ˳ơֿ쵶ԭǺڵֳʩһ˫ţóؽԿ쵶ȡСɿݣз磬֮òȴΪ˼һְɥŶȡ˫ĿֶС
ǰ䷢ͻȻӳְڣ׵壬Դһ߳󵨡
˫һָĿע˹ֿͣĴ󵨿ͽװŪү޼ݵ·ô
ʮױ֮߳󣬻طӵֱϣ৵Ѱ˹ֿΧס
ˡظٺЦһ˫۾ɨˣıӳҲ࿴һۣĿƴ¸ƶֱ򸣿齵ұƽ
һʮ
ڹƲ֮һٶϣʮڵԸ䣬ȴԸǰˣ޶¡
ֱ˿̷ǵֳУ˫ҲֳǰҲһֻһ˫ƽշ裬ƺƷתһн죬ʮıгΪȫ֣һء
ΪǰĺӣΪУһȵӭȻƣֱͦͦصʱɥȪ
ֱ̣ǰ˸ɢЩʧûɥˣﻹһĿɿڴʯͷվڵ
ӳγΪ֮ʧɥǣְڣһݣԼͬ·һ
ŭһһݣֱɲ泭ǰٹһ£ﴦµİأǡһ죬ɥŶ
һö˻ֱֻ۾
¹˻ضס˽ſϣȫ¸˿ƶг϶漴һ˫ɥŶޣֱ˹ȥյ֣ȴͷҲմš
ӳȻ֪ǰƣƴһս֮⣬ߡ
Űĳ֣ӳһŷĿݣѹ
˰СضֱܡȻ߳һԾһ˫ţ̵һʺһȡǰģƣһֱ¹˳ַѣƣܲν֮ݶ
磬ǰĺ¹ˣ־ˣһ⹦ǵǷ켫磬λѱӳСС
ӳ˫էȻֱ䣬оƲ˶ԷҪķһϲȻ˲ԣٳУԷһ˫иѵ˶Է
˾ȻԿСʩչǱм裬νġԪ򲻸ʩչ
ӳֻΪԼˣʱһ˫ţ̵ѵ˶Է
һͷԣӳˣʩչǡ㵹ʽӣһڣԴһ룬׹էһ˫ɵԺ¹磬˸䣬˫˫ǰߡ
ӳڿеȻ٣ۡض棬ȴûжҲˡ
ֳֻ࣬Ŀ˾֮ʧɥҲûһ˸ۿź¹˰Ȼֱ򸣿齾ҡ
Ķǡ
ź¡ظĴ󲽽֮ƣԭյķس˿
ʱƽɲ齣Ҫͷ
½ӥʩΪ߹һأƽҪǰȻɣӥһλһƷʩ֮߾ᣬҲ˲ɡ½̿ɴݽˣֻΪֱվҽԸİ;ѣʹ߱м֣಻롣
¹Ȼҿ硣
湦֮տʹ½ӥλ಻Ϊ֮ġۿź˵̤ʱ˴磬ػȥķƣʹΪ֮𶯣ģȴΪ֮죬ƳƣĿġ
СüȷһУֱŵɫֻΪ˹һʱ赹ڵϡ⣬齵ۣŵôȫսԼźһָ˫˫ѨľͷһĲƶ
мյǵƣƴת
ĿעƣϵĸֻŵúСˡˡ죬һӲϱ㽫һغ
һλĲӥ̫үڱӣǰνҪͷһò⣬ɣԼཫˣһʱŭֻüĿţƫƫΪ
ҽε½ȴʶȵرһСȴΪ˷¹ʵĴ㬳飬ͻȻΪ֮𾪡
¹Ȼбʱ䲻ǰ󣬵ڴһҪͷȻżȻɺϡۿŵǰ龰ɲס˵ͳһЦн

һ߳½֮ڣƲ֣Ʊգصݳһơ
мһ֣֪ûС
һǼ仺ȴھۣͬСɡ½˹ģ˭ϵȻд˾ڹ
¹ǵǿҵĽ֮ƣΪ֮ͻһ٣֮⡣
Ȼһû뵽½ȻԷͬһԼΪС
㡪
˼ǾȵۣԷšװΣʧȥԭĿκҲֱܷ棬½಻⡣
װء½京ЦĿעԷɷ¹䣬Σ½ĳڴˣ˺ţ˿亦
ʵǺ¹˹½Ӽߣ಻ҵģѲʤȯС亦һ˵
һЦô½ͷҲҪΪŰΪвɣ
½ɲסȻһʵǶԷ̫ϤһڣéٿһʱȻҶϾ
ͻȻķ֣ʹ½һʱΪ𾪣ֱڵ
ôҲû뵽ԷҪͷһ֣ʣԷѡǧѷһּ䣬벷ӥȨֻΪĿģֶΡΪ½֮塱ģ߷緶룬Ȼͬ飬ȴྶͥ
վھҽ½ĿӸԼɥȴǶԷֵ壬νвϸڡభ䲻Ϊ
ʱ䣬½дǧ֮䡣
ˡٺ١Ц໰һתһ򴲱нͬʱ䷭ԡơϸȥ
С
½ٿٴһƣӭס˶ԷƣȻƷӡ
˫ڲ֮䣬ԺȻܵóѣ洿ӣһò֮£ƽȫ֮䣬ؽһ𣬻ٶѡ
ǰ֮ƶۣ֣ǽǿ½ӦУ΢ҪӲӲ߱㲻Կʶһ㣬ԷԸ£Ϊ֮ٻسȡػأת֮䣬ݳ߳߿⡣
һǵ½֮ӣȴ֮ػأһս
˿̣ǰģȴλһƷӥ̫үĶԲԥڶνУ䷭һʽýꡱָ繳ֱŲӥͷֱ£δһɼϤ֪ڹ߾֪֡
ɱһλӥ̫үεȾտǰȴóȻԡ
˷ƽ֮ǰһǺһλӥ̫үΪֶԵʱۣӥϵԪ丣ͨ£һʱ֮ףؽԷ㣬ӭ¹˾һΪɥ޿ɣǰƣȻѴг롣
֪λһƷ˳ӥ̫үߣһ⹦ȷнܳʵ˵ʱԺ̤֮ʼۿŶԷƣ֮ȴΣ֮ʣҵ½һ֮ԣȴʹһɱ֮ѡ
һԼָͣʱһʧ벷ӥдϢת֮
Ųӥʼһŭߣͷͬף̲ءը˿
µͷ漰ҪͷҲܹ˼İΣʱڸϵѻչ룬˿Ȼ£ټ壬һѶ˺˵ͷһơ
ȴôһϵĸͦܵסڲӥȻ֮ʣһһգۡһѪ
ԭΣȫ½ֻ֮شǰ֮ͻȻ룬ֻϻѪɾʩҽҩΣһӦǿԱȫ֪㲻㣬ۿŴڼһȴƽɱ˺Ҫɷǡ
ǰԲӥȻһգʧ½ʹл֮ܣҲȲ
ۿȫһ𶯣˫۷ף
ӥ˵Ҷ˶Էһƣȴ˷չͣһͨͨΪ𶯣³ִ٣źһεУмܡ
ꡪ
ź˵һʽ֣ӥһϮƯ³ϴһƬ
ֽýָ磬Ŷָһ˶ԷƤ⣬ꡪػ˰Ѫڡ
Բӥ֣֮ԼΪһƷĵݣԳνǰĳԱֱܴδ֮ҲΪܴ衣
ʤȷ֣οӥƲᣬǲ֪ˣƴӶԷֲ˺
ŭӥطһЦЦδѣλһƷҲ˲Էսһתһʽ⴩Ѵֱ𣬺⡣
һĿڶԸǰּܾȶʵͼʤ㡣δһĸݣѴԽԺԴٿٿ䣬ϻš
¹ŭЦߣȴ
ȴвʣݣŲӥ֮ư׷ٶš
һɱ˵ʧΪֹȴǵĲ龰ʹڳԲĲѡ 







 

  
 

ĲһѸףϾǶΪ֮𾪣йλһƷӥ̫үĸˣ¥ҲĶഫ˵
˵䲻棬ÿﴫʱˣȴҲǰ˾Ųʮ
˵ǸǰΪ̿ˣѾȬһСͬλһƷӥƵЧϼȥȴˡˣ˸ӥ̫ү֣˴һܣ˲йӥ̫үץˣĶӡ
˴˵飬үݿɿϢԴ˵Ǹרץġظ˵ûӰΣ㲻ţǵùٸòΣͷβбҥĸʾղۣһ񣬴ôһϹȻյ൱Ч˽µɾ͹ܲνġ֮ڣڷҪסÿһ˵죬ʵϸǰ첻ġ
ӽһȣɶͷдֹճǼʱ䣬ȥȷ㲶ˣһ˫Ϊ֮۾Ȼ峺֮⣬˶پ֣ƺǲˡ
ԴСţСʩҽ֮ȥãȻСҲ͸ټ棬ƼδȬԽԽء
ֹһεأ뵽ȥһ£λΪҽ½ˣȴԶԶϽҹ֮ȻܼӣʹΣһһ죬ٲС
Ǹ书ˣԸŴ˷ƵķǱѰһˣǲģסطԶн֣棬һǱԶԣʹأȻüǿ֧Լÿճε߶һӣҲš
дֵĵС̯ϣЩܹĲҩ˲ֽúϵţŸȣ֧ǰ
ʮֽֿڣƼڡ
һͷӧñĹٲվڰϣùĸʲôǼһﱨ߸ն֣ǷͬСɡ
ӽԶԶţԲԸȥһҪǱ˿ɣһʿɾ鷳
˸תһҼʳĲݡ
ӡݡ
һͺ裬ڶ˸λ£ֻһŵúܡ
֪ϲĶڹˣòϽһ˹ϢٹСѨУůĸо۾
ͬһߣСԣ¶żߣЦеš
С׼ѧãͷĺ̴ָղҩ̯ҾƼˣʲôҩ㲻򣬵ҩٺ٣ʯѡ̶٣ⶼǻҩҸ㣬ٿߣľŸ˵ܶˣȾһĶǡҪ̴Ӻݺ㼸²Ź֡
ƽ׵һӽý˵ҲֻǿЦѡ
ͷε˵ôţҿ˵㣿˵ֲϲãøϿΣ·ͷϵžΣרֲҩɶãðѶˣҩβС
ӽ˵ùֲþͷôһ˵ѣЦѣɴһƫԷ࿴һۡ
ȴֹһλ
һ׺ӡ׳Ӵӵͷ
Ϸ˵߶⡪Բڰ¡
Ļüӣǰϡ
ȣرڿеĴȣһСزͣһһأҲ硣
ͷӽˣΪ֣߶߶ͣ
ͷĶùˣ˲ѧã²ɣֺУŪǮѽúôɵⲻﻨˣҪҤͣٺ٣˰ɣŪһ˵ԩԩѽ
Խ˵Խˡ
ӽ˵òɲס۾һɣ뷢ȴǸͷЦеԼţǴĿЦƵģɰһסֻǺݺݵصͷһۣͷȲ裬˾ߡ
ƫƫǺͷԷܣһ꣬ڴУڣһҰ峵棬˳ơ峵ԡƽЩ£ΪĺҲСһоطĵͷ֮ߡ
ǰٶһŹӽİٿɣߵѧȾ˷񲡣һʱߣϵأ˵ݡ
ӽŲ˿ڲ裬峵Եĺ̴Ѿ˹
˵Сӣ㻹𲻷˵˵Ǵģطϲƽסļҿջţ
̴ǰһ죬˹ӽϡǿ벻̴̡ͭӻۿѰ˹ӽǼ⣬ںߵһȻס̴˶ָƫУʵס̴ǰˣ峵ɫһ䣬һ
Сǡ
˵ţһ̴ȴ֪Է˾֧ܲ룬־ȴǴпɹۣͷһ֮£ǵûа̴ڶԷһ˫ָ֮£һ̴˶ǰ̹ͬһС룬Ϊ֮зΪ˶Է
һֿƽʵѰ̴ǾʯΪ̫ͷ˵ҲĦŪʮ꣬ͽ֮һʯй֮ȴǶԷ겻Զָһ󣬾ȻͬľΪء
峵һɵۡ
㡭㡭Сӣôĵ
һټֻʣµİ̴˶ɶ̵ֱŶԷȥȴǲ֪ôһΪԷָס˸˶Ǹղһǡֶһء
š̴һ·ǰ׷׹䣬ȫǴǽʮ֡
峵ԱʳŲҲˣһʱֻŵɫƣŴ죬ࡱֱƱ̵Ǻסˣϰת
㡭ҡԶվ֪СӰ˳ɶͷʾ׽õǸ̿ͷáСӱҵš
ôһ˵ϵ඼Ϊ֮һһ۾㶼ӽй
ڹӽ˵ȻǺͷ⼸ѷণǸֻ˵ʵȴ޴Ӵķ̿ͣ־壬էȻϢܲΪ֮Ī
ӽ벻Էͷдһթǰ֮ԸǰɫǴ´࣬ԶԸپΧˣرǶԷǾ书֮ˣǿɾμ׾ǲУһΪپ׽롣
峵һթûһʱΪ飬ֱ֪Դ
ͷ״Ƶʱ׳ٺЦţָӽô˵˵ˣúáԷƵӵˣСӱߣҵŰɡ
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漴תӽԱȭⲻ𡭡ҿ׾ˣ
ӽһ㶣ֵҪͷҲֻαʶŲȭ˼ҡ
ˡպաЦ˵Ͳˡһתĺɵԣ˵
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¸һʱЦٿӽˣԭ˹ģ˿ڳλ¿ƹˣģһʱ͡
ݵϰӣԭڹˣ쿴һۿϰˣסһⲻǺõ½˼ô뵽ˣѽѽʧʧ񡭡
һ˵ӳϵİ˹򼭲ѡ
ôһ˵Ҷʱ׹ǰˣǶġҽ
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ӽէ½֮Ⱦϲ漴ҲôˣһʱмԷֱֱȥ
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һ˵һŴ죬±ȭλףǴ֪½½Ļǡ
½ҡЦҪ£ͷһҾ߲ˡ
һ˵վȡӣ۾ӽô֣ҪԲ𣿡
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⵱ڶ½һӿɾͬŹӽ˲ݣӷǵղʣںҾѡ
ִǰ˽ϡǰе½Ȼͣ˽Ųͷӽس
ôĵȻϷΪ㿪ѣۿ߲ˣ˳ס޴ãա
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ԹӽݣͶסջ˼ңˣѵΪҵǰһסƾ˼顣
һ齣һİӣķıճƷӦоУһŲȱȴһŨصĲҩϢڣӶҲͿ뵽סһˡ
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½ڰֵղŵ¾Ͳ˵ˣطüˣס𣿡
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ԭСڰһ糾ЦĹڲȻԼȥġ͡
ʱһ鷢Ȼůζ̬Ϊһ֪԰Ĺ˼ңܶһ糾Ůӣ̵ϱ֣֪Ϊ಻֮ΪȻľԡ
Сһ˽Ц۾סǹǸһ￴ģô¶ѽ
ôһ˵ӽźȻ׹̬ⷬӦ˫ģжԷһ˳̨Ϸĵ
СдȻĵԼйϵشʧΪɸٲ쿴ᣬ罫ƾͼƣҾС̬ȨһηͰɣ
һЦͷ˵طǵúúģŰ಻ȴԽñƯ
˵ʱƾƣɾͰС׽§˻
С׽Ц˵˵أү˲ƣǶϵˣǴѽ
ӽ˵ϵطѽ
סͭǣ
ѽ˳ɸеģи׼ѽҪҲͲʶˣǲѽС
˵ʱ̧Сһ£С׵һ±úͨͨġ
˿ҲͬڷŹӽһ㣬ڹӽݳдɣЦɣȴɲסݺݵһۡ
ӽԼҲЦΪŻС׵ıݱ棬ż䣬ԼȴҲװñ⡣ɼĵļթʵαЩ鲢ҪһҲҪڻͨ
֣ݵˣ˵ʿɶֹˣƫƫС죬˷ԼҲĶòȥ
үޣ
һֻ˵ڹӽظһ£ˣҴһ˵
ĻأôҲûиƸţ
ӽ˵˻ȥˣҪԼѺţһ˲ŷѽ
˵ţ̧ҪʵСȴˡ
ү١ҿɾ͡һЦţͷͽӽߣС֪˶𣿡
ӽƤҲһ£С˵֪ǳ麵̵ǸСͷ𣿡
һС׾Ц˵ֻһû
ӽɲסһ
𿴡С׸˵Ϊֻ֪һվɣͷ˰Ըǡ
ɾͶлˡӽЦСʣ֪ЩǸʲôģΪʲôҪأ
ֵ⣡С˵⻹ģ㷴ˡ
ӽֻЦ˵½Լǰк꣬˷ˣǵʦͽԮƣɥȪʶ飬Ӧεգٲ˽ֻǰ£ϵش򲻵¶һ׺಻⣬˱ֻװͿɵЦѡ
ӽһЦվϡ
һ潭ˮˮϼǣżСĺӲԼˮĵͷȥΪǰ˼ʫ黭⣬ܵĻ˵ȴưǿҵĶ̬ʱпҪЩʲôƵġ
СƸҪվȥȴһֺֻȻļϡ
ߣõģġ
һǻʵؾ
СʵͿˣע⵽ĴĿǰװݣǲںЩκڨģҲʵŲ
Ӵλүҿǲʶѽ
˵ʱɧط˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾˿ţй֮ơ˼ʹɫ֮鲻ԽΪ֮ȻĶֻһĿɿڴӣҲͿԲ֪
ʮߵ꣬ŨüۣһӸոչιһƬƣԽʮ־֮ơ
Ǻüԣ˧үȴʶˡ
⻰˳ɶ˵߸ģҲһͷĹӽڣ֤Ĵ˾ٲˣ˫ԭϵõġ
ͷ˸ᱡ̧һֻ첲С׼ȥȴ߻ض㿪ˡ
𣿶үǿģСǰˣƵ˵ļ
ˣ˵ȥϣ
Ƿ糾ˣٲһ򣬼˵˻˵ǰ˹ֻ˵ˡ
Сסһ޿޲ɵرԳˣһʱüЦص˵ƹٵһΣ
һΡ˧ĺպյЦţ־ҪȥΪС׻ضˡ
ȻǵⷬӦԶ̬ӽȫˣȻС׳⣬ȻбеӽҲֵӶҪչʲô
һ֮¶ʵС֮С
һʮոԪĵĵ˹ȥ˧Цţ
Ρү͸ģš
СţˣȴԽӵЦ̬䡣
Ӵǲҵѽ
ţš˧СˣС׵Ķϣ˿ү㣬ֻžˣ
С׵ͷԳԡЦţӼȺ̰Ѹӡľ̬ݻˡ
м仰үҪ㡣˧ĸ˵ҪϸСæ
ȻˣҪصл㡣
ġС۾ʣɶ¶ѽ˵ɣֻҪܰæģһ
С㣡˧һ°ͣƾˮĹӽһۣԽӵСղŸ˵Ǹˣã
˵
ָ˧ĸæѹס֣ΪС׻س˳ȥ
˵Ǹʲôģ
С˵ү
˧ϴŻɣûŪ˵
ȻûС˵үǸɳģɴǮأ
˧ġţһûп
ס˧үС׺ʣѽʶ
˧˵ͱˣҸæݵĵطˣҡ
˵ţǰͣһ˹СղһʱüЦ
ǻ򵥣ھ͸㡣
֪ˣ
С׵ͷС˵һҸ췻ׯ֪
˧һ£˵Ȼ֪ôľס
үÿһȥݶס
ûŪ
Ȼھȥ
˧˵ղͷǾ֪ˣ㲻Ҫ˵ңһҪ㣬㻹ٽӽĺá
Сһ㯣Īӡ
˧ĺһЦЦվ˵û¶ļ˵õģݼˣԻλƵһȥˡ
ӽڴתһȦʵעһ£С˵ڶԼǳǸ̵ͷԼС˵Ǹ֮⣬ǵ˵ʵƣ˰ҲûһͷҪСװдȴĿС뿪λָǸӴһ飬ʱ̸ָݡ
Եǡ顱ֻΪСŮںȻ¿̰֮ѹӽ˦һߣȴҲ֮С
йӽʹش󣬾ƲܳκβԭЩԼ˵ƺһǿУڹ⣬Щģѵ;СףƾĻǴԼһ֮ʼϷǼ
ŴΦӣŷֵĚG˵ͣȴǾź㽭磬˿ҲȣŻЩʱſɵӽɴ۾һ
һЦȴְﾪѡ
ɴӣЦףԭǴ;ģŷΪʱ䣬ˤ
һ׳ӣѹֻһ̿㣬ظȫǺëŤһţһжȴް󣬷ѶԷˤڴϣص죬ȫÿͲʱкûЦֵý
ӽתӣдΦٴĿӴȴӴһƵֱǰһ֮£æӣʱ˯ȫ
๫үҪ򻨣㰡
˵ţЦݣһõİֱ͵ӽǰ
һ˱㣬аֱϮ棬˲ܡӽһܵؼʱסͬʱ˳Ծ˵ʲô
żվסһΣ
Ӵ
ƺǳԾС۾ŹӽŻظЦ๫үһѻɣ
ӽҡҡͷõصҪҪ˼򻨵ģ
Ц˵˸λ˵ţǱߵС׿һۣԭʱˣΣҶˡ
ôһ˵ӽò࿴Ӽˡ
ʵǺ۵һ࣬ʮüʮˣһĲӣֻӣ¶ݺݵһ˫ۣһͷ׷ҲƵţӼȸݣȥȴӲʡ
һˣԭǼѰȴΪӽȴҲ
ӽ̧ͷٴδԷȻӵһӭһ顪ȴһôҲû뵽ǰò˵ţȻ˸Ŀһ㣬ӽƾԼտڹһۼɶ϶
ˣˣ
ȫ϶мԼǵ˾ˡ
ҲȻЩͬʱһͷĿѣʹԳ֣漴ʹʱȻһǧСϸ಻ΪԷˣһ˶Էĵ
˼Ҳ˵ԷӶԼŪ˹һȻйթǵԻ޹㣬ʹ֮֮ڣʹ˴Ȼ޷һ֮£˵
ӽдһ֪ȴöԷӿߣһֻӶöԷ߿ȴתһߣӶ࿴һۡ
һӽǿ򶨣ʹɢȴʱһ֮еġΪǿңȻ΢ȴǻǿңѣʡ
ףԼ˿δʣʡ£ȴҲ˶ѣʵȫƣֲܣʱ˿ǶԷϸκһӺԼ֮޶Կ֮ܡ
ƺڹӽδԴ󲻽⣬һâȻ̬һתƵ˹ӽǰһ˫ۣĿתš
๫үôˣ
˵ʱŲƶ̽ѱƽӽǰվӽʱȫȷԷűؽڼֻ˿̳Ƶһ˫۾ʾûл֮⣬һ޿Ϊ
ƺɶԷ͵沿￴ԣʱ
ʱȫÿͣΪֳˤӽЦк֮ڶ˭Ҳע⵽һ磬ڹӽϵϸС¡
ЦţŹӽ˵๫үô
˵ţӾ̽ӽȥȴǾһһϸСļƿֱϮԺ֮ϬʹӲҵ֮һӻ෽һת˿
һöΪϸСǩǩɣʹϸҲԿ塣
Էǵһ֮¼֪Է䰵ˣȻзǳ֣ܳмΪڹ裬ʩ֮ϸСݽʲνҶɻڰٲ֮⡱
𾪣ǿ֪ȴǴ˷𾪣ҲֻܴĶѣۿССǩ˻ط䴬⽭ģ׷Ѱ
ӼԸʾ䱾ĿݣֻưͳԻѡһԲӽ֣ȴǰԼֵ˭
һģΧˤӵЦֵòɿӰһᣬ̵ڶγ֣ӽȥȻһ̴˺סȥ
ţĻù
ʱڸߴǸ麵̵ͷ
һ㶣պЦ˼һ˫ۣƵƵǰͷϴת
ˣôл̫үﶼûʧʧ񣡡
ͷһ̣תһԣһߡ
Ӹȥصôʲô磬Ȼ˼Ҳˣ˼һɺã
лͷŽˮۡһ̵٣ɫ粻һЦô¬ţҲҪһţɾ̫ˣ
һЦ˵⻰ô˵л̫ү㵹˵˵ѽôãӾãлͷһ̴ӣȴ˫ϸ۾ʱŵĹӽһһȫĹ۲֮С
ϽˡлͷǹŲмм仰òȰ㣬ֵɽֻӲ
ǿҲ˵ӺǺǵЦˣ¶һл̫үĸҹȥҵҪʲô˸ҵǰͷ
лͷһ͵ưɡ
һЦֽȥĲ˵λҲǺô򷢵ģߺߡΪǡϳ㣬˲塯һ˱ؽ²ʡ׸ȴǰΣ
¬ɫһ𣬴Ҫǿ༥Ŀתһ
ԭʱΪ̱Ĺӽ˿̾ȻԭȻʧ
һʹֻţֻΪǰлͷŪֽţһʱŭ𣬷԰ɫһȴĿתӽȻԳǰ
ȴ죬Ƕɴѵ˾ͷҷ׷ͷӵ˻ɹһʱһš
¬Ź˲ٴлͷͷȴôҲ첻ˣиǰ浲ţò׼˰ٿӽѲ֪ȥ򣬷ǵӽ֪ȥ򣬱ʱһǸɧ潼˵ɧŮղԼ˵Ǹлͷ㶼Ӱ
¬ֺڵϣ֮˵Ҳ춣Ľɫ벻˷ΪͼӽԳ֣Ū˻ͷȻǰֿɼҲˣֱЦ
ͷϵⶼˣҳһƬ
¬ԽԽģַֻȺ⼷һۿӽС˫˫¿ϣԳ򽼵һɷ˵˫֮£εܵסʱײأ˸
ӼˣлͷԼǰͷһʱߡʩչ书ĽҲ˲ˣֽһֱŹӽﴦ׷ȥ
һݣ˵ǰƬϡֻ֣Ҫһͷɸڹӽ·СǰͷȴǺһһɲݳƫУǰ档
߸ߵĸͷһӾҲƵڲϡӰ¬˵ӦǾԲİǣȻʹӸղ´ʼһһֱԼǰͷʹԼܿ׷ȥˣǴҲֱ꣬ǸԼȥ
¬š١һһ˫˳ˮֱۣԷȥͬʱʮָſֹץȻڹľʵġӥצ֡¬ĶԷ޲һӾҪ
ƫƫǰ˷ǱȵУ¬ŵ˫ǰһƽǡô¬ŵ˫֣ȴյý
¬ŵʮֱָǲŶԷıȥģһץ֮£ƺ˶ȥҲӣȻֲһ֮£һ㣬ؾɶԷ˹ȥ
ȴҲǸ״򷢵¬һʽ˿գȴ˿ɳ֮Ц߳򣡡һƷ¬ű
¬šһӭֻۡӭһ顣
˫ʮ㡣
һ֮£ӶΪ֮һ£ȴľͷضס
¬ѶԷˡʮߵ꣬Ũüۣһųչιȥ
˭𡣡
һԼ¬Ÿ飬ָһѸֱֹԷץȥ
Ũüӡߡһ㣬ٿʵʵӣεֽסһֻ֡
̫ţҿǻòͷˣôӲ֣ҲҪһ֣
˵ĵŨüӸţֻۣʮָǽڸһʱ䣬ʩչڹΪܵġꡱ
¬š١һӲǽ˶ԷҪϺһһͷԷ㶼ֱ
أ˫յΪ֮һɣˡৡҷֿ
¬һӺ죬Ӵҡһ£һѪֱǻһ˳ڹտƽСһoԪټʩչ࣬ѹסûеȴ˶Է
áǴĸӹȥǽᶨˡ
ǿһһһӺ죬ϼʹڹտûе󣬹ֻõþͣһӲܣʹδʣȴҲȥˡ
ӺٺЦһŵͳ¬ţþհɣǸʲôģǸʲôģﶼӦ
¬źһһ˫ۣ㡭˭ôʶң
˹һЦһ˫üë¬ŵĴ˭˲֪ٺ١
¬ɫһ䣬Ļţǵ绪ʢʱĻţƽɻ˼˸Ը벻Էȴǵãʵѿ
㡭ȫ㵽˭
˵̧ϵĻڽϣǰӺɫһǰϣȴ˲֣Ȱ㼰ҪȻڿɾˡ¬ҧߡһԭлͷһߵģ˻ǽٱţ
ƾʲôǶãӾͶã
Ŀ侫⣬ǰһ˵֪Ļ٣㵱Ȼã㲻ˡ
¬һ㶣׹˸ƾʲôлжӣһ˶̣
ɭɭЦһҲ䣡
¬һѵǲһģлͷǡ
ǴŲмЬҪ
Ь㡭
ȻңɫȻص̫šһʵɣĵйһ֮ԵһٻҸСæͳһ㣬Ҷ飬ҪȻߺߡΪô˷Ź㣿ڿ˵лͷӣͱ۶ҪԼǿɾǸԼȥˡ
ôһ˵¬ŲƺȻ׹һ۾ګګ
ĵˣѵǡšˣǡ
˵һζԸӥһʱʧߣδȫ˾ӣĵС壬׷ˣһսѵһ֮Űһټһֱǹģһתۼʮǰˡ
¬ϣʾޱ𾪡ͷʧʧô˵ǡšĵҵģ˧Ƕ˧ˣ
һЦ˵ˣʮƣ벻ˡ
¬žһ̵򶨵Ϣָ֮խΪˣױŹ˶Էȴһ˽⵽ԷʵԼĸɽ֮ʵ˵ʵһ˿ǿľҲ᲻ˣĪֺԷǰԿ֣ʹһһǿˣĸʱ˭޶ԶΪ֮սľ
һ䣬¬Ϊ֮ɫȻãԿ̾һˣһʱʧ飬û뵽ҲѲִ£ҪȻҲᡭ̾˿¬ſЦ֪ĵ͸ְ̧ɡ
˧ǶһЦ˵ҰɣҿңҪǻľ磬ߺߡţֻȫˣɾûôˡ
¬һʲôľҲˣ
˧ǶδÿɷغһګګŵĹӦúײϣƸ飬޷ĵһҪ裬˿̲ɥȪԾڴˣǾʹ˷֣Ҫɾݹ飬ǣ
ڣ˧һȭ𣬱УֻӰһ˷ԳӥĿδ޵ĵ١
¬ԶȥıӰʧ˼ƽĶۣλšĵҵģȷʵŅ֣̀Լ൱棬ˣԴһڵƶɵһ磬Ը޲Ͼɱ޶£ԼȻڶԷһ棬ӵûƵ
ȴǣһʹ¬ֲɣΪΪʳûôףʵǴ˵еʲƸ̫ˣ̫ջˣۺˡ 







 

  
 

ʲôĴ˵أ
˵Ҳеĵ棬Σȴÿһ˵ߣܸ֮Уȴ޲ֵ߰ɣȴ޲Ϊ֮ݡ
˵֮һ괳ԳɹռϽǣʵúɽ֮ǰȴҲ˼ҪţһΪĽ䣬ڹѮ֮ǰר͵˳͵˽ϡ
˵֮֮ڹٱνĳ֮ǰѳ̫붨ΪԳܻҲȺʵֻܻ̫붨ˣСȾʵѣ񲻵ڣңΪ帴Ϊ䣬֮Ϊ̫ӡ
˵֮λ̫ӡ֮ԾǵȻʿߵһ似ĴʿҶû쳹֮ܡ
˵֮ģں󹬣ΪɱĳƽΪʵδֻǱһ첲ѣǵҲڣȴţߣλ񱻴˵Ϊ糾һ¿ɴˡ
˵֮壺Ҳ䵽ǰڹ۵Ĺؼʱ֡һҪʹˣ˽꣬˵ǽҪ봫˵е̫Ӽ棬Ҹв߻תһʵܳ޴Ƹʹһʾ޴ĽƱΪ𢽭ɽشʱ
ôһ˵ΪˣʱΪʮעĿǵǹٷܲԶϽǵĳ͢Ҳʼįܲʹ似Ĵʿո½ϣҪѴ²һˮʯ
ȻеĽڰ͸δһ˵磬ƽҪһ̽ȳưոˡ

Сë¿ϵˡӽСףһģ
Ѻ̴дУˮƮ㣬Ӱ涣ͯţϳ裬һɽϸ龰
ɴ˶ǰٵܻ·࣬ɣСë¿ܲܣ¿ϵˣеӢŮ廨ˮ㣬Ǻһ֦չװ˸޽ȡ
ӽ¿ЦС׵ղŶȣҪȻֻӶ֣벻գ˵ǡ
Сססһ۾סô֪Ҿģ
⻹˵ӽҿǰʩչ쳣ѽߡ֮˹֮⣬˭ַ
˭˵ģߡһǿˣ
СһְֻѲҵñأһ㣬סӭ⣬
ӽЦʧѵ㣿
ǡСҡҡͷô
ˣӽüëһҶõġǸ˧ġ
ӽ˵Ǹ˧Сӣ
СЦһЦĶ飬ԭˣ
ӽ˵ô˭Сظ˵ЩʲôҿɾͲ֪ˣȻ˵ڸңǲǣ
С׵ǻ˵ֵԭΪǸɫ֮ͽʹЩ书ɫ˭֪вɫʩһְӵĹƣҲ֪Ǹ湦ˣ˵һְڡߡⰵַʦ˵˼Ҿͻᣬһûѧᣬ˾Ȼʩչʵڳ֮⣬ǲС
ӽͷ˳ȻǸУҪһֻǣǸʲôˣΪʲôҪʩչթ˧ΪʲôҰԮ֣Ǿһߵġ
Ǹ̵ͷȫɡ͸ЩаŶ
˵ȻЦŹӽһۣȻ㣬һʵ¡ΪʲôҲţ
ǰ˻ӱ޴ϵǰСС¿羭˲ʹ죬ƽУֻһ;Բ;ʧ¿ԹִǿʹҪʹĵǲܡ
ͨ򽭶нֵҪɵ֮һﲻ
ͷСë¿һϵѭƽչзһǰУ˴졣
ӽԭԳǰУݱСסС׿ЦôƲ£һȥҲ㲻ţ
ôһ˵ӽ˼Цˡ
ԭ£ʵһش󣬲ҶԹ⣬
С׺Ц㲻˵ұ㲻ٶʣ˭ϣҪ֪ɣʱҪңһأҪʲôҵĵطҸ߲ˣžưɣ
˵ձƵذͷƫһߣʵ֮ǰѴʦ½ǱߵõԤʾ֪ӽимҪʹ½֪ӽȥһҪС׵ʱʦһʣ½಻˵ƣֻƵʱ֪벻ӽҲһһ׷ʣҲǲ¶һ֡
뵽ʦƽһ񣬴˷رԼǰһЩƽպõҩĪǴлҪԼȥΪʲôϿɣڲ֪ӽȷö¶ȴҲֲôһ룬ҲͲ
½ʵһҪڰжעİΣҪʱȫ֪Ҫ򲻿ɳһ
һʲôأ
СǿѹĺתñĻòһ˵׳Щʲôȴһ糸ô̴ֱ
ͷ쿴ֽŶ߱۹ȥ˴ƬƳ
˱ӰһĴñڳӶ̹ӣ̬
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ЦһָԷˣʾ򶨵⸾˭֪ҵĪǹ˾ʶ챨˵үˣɾͺڲ
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µҶţԲҵģӽʱѹŶ긾˵޲ɣһԲ˫עӣ޾
һԲΪ긾ˣ˧ǶȴбȽ̬ȡ
ƺѸоԷ긾˵ľѰͬʱ˼תѾǰ˵Լ̸ݣ˿ٵ˼༴ǰǰ˹õΪǵĵ¼ļ˷Χ֮ڡ
֪似޾޷ʿڣ⵽֣֮֮Ӵģڽܹһ״ԭڱ˴˵֮Ĺ滥ԭȻӦС
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ԡƮƮŮ˵϶ڴһʢָ߲֮м䣬ϵܴˣҲڹӽ˼䡭



ƮƮһˣ
ӡһ˵ĵȷȷǸˣǣʱȴϲŮ˵̬֣˵ǲָɽһΣ
ӽͷǣڶѵķ϶δ֪ʵ
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˵ĵ۲룬ֻӽעӲѣһЦһŨصĴپȻʶˣҲѹ֣һ֮ʱôߡ

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˽ЦУѽ
˵Ҳ˳

ӽæٿӹҲˣ˿̾ЦЦֵֹĬĬš
Ҳˣ
ӽȭʩ
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С߹ȥߣЦ˵㱾¿ɴˣ̸š
ӹһЦ۾ӽҿǵøĸĳƺˣ˶ǹ˻Ū㵽ڽ˭ǲء
⡭Ҳǡ
ӽЦһЦԵ˶Էݣ漴ĿתҶϾ
Ҷʿ˵ۻǱѰǧ򲻿ɵģҹľ˴ʹ˸ģԤƮƮǸħͷζԳ֣˷ǱѰҲ
˵ͣһͣһ˵ǵְ𣬲Ҫ̫ӵİΣһٽҲƻ
٣ɸڷڴһšӷһ˽ӿڵʿȴȱʵ˿ɾĴɮλлˡ
߽ӻģüĿı·̴ʦűµóϣ֮󣬸ԺʮҾһҾӽæ
ҶϾʿֱӦ𡪡Ǵ
̴ʦЦ˵ҥ࣬Ĳ͵Уȥһˣת㲻
ҶʿǺЦ˵Ĳľ֮ʣҼҡ֪βȥһջС˵Ҳ
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˵Ϻжһ٣һţҵʱԭ֣ٸش䷢Ѫԭʿ˵òᣬ漴ٳ֣һ룬ɴƲ׷һ·ҪҪȥţ
ȻЦֺʹʦģǴеĵ׶ͱˡ
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ʩ߼ŵ̾
˵ϺڿҰɣ˭֪Ӱ˫ľٻ飬һΪ׺ϣҲӲ
̴ʦǺЦȴ̾һʩôһ˵ɾԽɮˣʵԭҲдԸ֪
˵Ȼסҡҡͷ̾һٶ˵
˿㲻ɡҲ֪λŸɮ书һ磬ƽؾɽٸԤ£һǵѣǰУʵָΪĽ룬ǰ֮Ϊ帴ҵһ·ǰ̫֮Ӽⱦɲ֮ᣬоֹҲ͸ע⡣
Ϊˣһ̾ϢҲ͸Ե˼
ҶϾʿȻǺЦˡ
ϺвضǣѺƮƮǸħͷˣ
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̴ʦ̧ŶϾһۣԵصһͷЦʿϲļˡ
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˿һۣתĿҶϾʿګګ
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ҶϾʿͷǣȵһˣ߳һ꣬ԶԶŸһҾѾڣ
ҶϾʿһЦվ𣺡Ҫμˡ
첻ٳ
λǰҵŹ£ӽٲһֺ棬˼꾩ʦƣʵúɽݱ֮ǰɱңˣʹŮ಻⣬˶βҾǾ˽֪λ̫ӱڻʵ֮ǰйҶգرȫλҶ㲻̫Ӳ֮࣬ȳϱ۹걾Ŀʼ֮ƪнյһС
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ȴǵġ
ǰ׳Ŀ⾼ֱûһЩν塱Ľš
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Ī̫Ҳ书
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ԭΪӦúܴˣ벻ôᣬѵáȾ´˵ˣ
жʮˣ
ӽˬʵЦЦȭ̫ӴＸΣ
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ҶϾʿЦҹȥ˵ġĪˣ
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ȾüһЦ˵ǺãͷٺúģȿҵŰɣ
ӽӦһ漴һֱܲǷţ˫ֳϡ
ǰܣǵƽ֣ר̫ӣء
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ӽ쵼ӵɷģʱָǡ
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ԭҶΩܾѵϸĶ߸էȻ֪ƮƮʱ̫оȡ
𾪡ҶϾʿòʵԸ棺ƮƮľһɵˣ书죬ɲ⣬һ
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̫ӼʣǾʵش԰ҹӹ;ѣҶΪȵһξ˵˸š
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ӽйغĴ˵Ҳ˵Ҳҥ
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̫ӾϲؿСô˵Ѿܾˣ˵ҽɸˡ
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ҶϾʿЦϺ˵ͷͷǵź׹ɲҪŪӴ
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С׵ͷʦ˵öԼˡֻǵޣ⾳绹Զأ
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ءоȫһ֮ͷֶ漴תΪů㣬·⣬̩ױȡ
ȾҶգѧϰ꣬ҲϰڹԼݣδܸһҶϾʿ뾳أȴҲѰǰСʩչ֪СϳԼʩԡ͸ӡ۲죬Ҳ䱾ԼʩԹ䣬ܿɹ
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ҡ֪ӹͷӦţȴֺ֣̫ӵĲʲô
Сص΢΢һЦӵôʵ˵ˣһҲ֣ȷ˵˵ķ𣬽ɫǰףľľɫ࣬𣬻Ǻġ˶ƣÿһ֣һرɫ
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С׵ɴʦôţ̫ˣʵҲòţҪռҽεʱ䣬ÿʱʼҹʱʱҲ͹ˣʱ䣬¿á
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Ҷտһۣ̫Ȼ뿪漴˵ǴҲ֪ˣǱߵҲˡ

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۾˵ô죿֪һȴû뵽ô졭ϾʿѾˣЩʲôˣ
˶úܣҶϾʿЦһʮӥһ롣
һ٣ֵԸҪһ㣬ãŵȥԸã˫Ҳǲưոݵġ
ӹӣȻЦ˼˵öԼˣɲҪˣǸ˳ơӥ̫үвӥ˼ҵĳɴһưոݣ
ҶϾʿЦ˵һǸ²֪ʦˣ
ҵνȴҵˡߺߡ
˵ţɫһЦ飬һټɾûôɵطŹˡ
ѲޱиǼ˴ˣҪע⣬벻ȴϸ˰̣ƽΪˣϱɴˣټƽݡ
ҶպٺЦֹϱˣŵҲǣҲ˵һкϷԿ
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ӹһϸüë˵֪
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񡭡ӹҡҡͷǲˡ
ҶϾʿͷǿһʲ·֪˲࣬Ӧüǵá
۾תӦ֪Գɳ뱱ʱн鱦װʮ೵ҹʮںеϣΪŵĶҵġ޳ɣͩ١
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ԡҶϾʿ˸ŵĵ۾˵һεˣ֮۸ӣֱʮӥȻͬˮ𣬲ѣһؽƴϸһĹؼټǣɾ͸Ϊˡ
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ҪúƲŶԡӹЦ˵λǰʲô߼ô
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Ҷ϶ҪΡһתӽɭɭЦСߺߡҪ̫磬ٽ»ڵϦ֪
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